Apache Camel is a mature integration library (over 9 years old now) that implements all the patterns from Enterprise Integration Patterns book, but Camel is not only an EIP implementation library, it is a modern framework that constantly evolves, adds new patterns and adapts to the changes in the industry.
Apart from tens of connectors added in each release, Camel goes hand-in-hand with the new features provided by the new versions of Java language itself and other Java frameworks. With time some architectural styles such as SOA and ESB lose attraction and new architectural styles such as REST, Microservices get popular.
To enable developers do integrations using these new trends, Camel responds by adding new DSLs such the REST DSL and new patterns such as the Circuit Breaker, and components such as Spring Boot, and that's not all and we are nowhere near done. With technologies such as linux containers and Kubernetes, the IT industry is moving forward even faster now, and Camel is evolving in order to ease the developers as it always has been.
To get an idea of kinda tools you would need to develop and run applications in containers and Kubernetes, check out the Fabric8 project and specifically tools such as the Maven Docker plugin, Kubernetes CDI extension, Kubernetes Java client, Arquillian test support for Kubernetes, KubeFlix, etc. Exciting times ahead with lot's of cool technologies, so let's have a look at one of those: Camel and the Hystrix based circuit breaker.
Two Circuit Breakers in Camel, which one to chose?
Two years ago, when I first read Release It from Michael Nygard, I couldn't stop myself implementing the Circuit Breaker pattern in Camel. Usually I drive my contributions by real customer needs, but Circuit Breaker pattern is so elegant, I had to do it. To implement it in a non-intrusive manner, I have added it as a Camel Load Balancer strategy. Here how simple it is:
The DSL above is self describing: if the number of MyCustomExceptions thrown by mock:result endpoint reaches the threshold number, the CircuitBreaker goes to open state and starts rejecting all requests. After 1000ms it moves to halfOpenAfter state and the result of the first request in this state will define its next state as closed or open. It is the simplest possible implementation of the CircuitBreker you can imagine, but still useful. Since then, the Microseservices architecture has become more popular, and so is the Circuit Breaker Pattern and its java implementation Hystrix.
At some point Raúl Kripalani started the Hystrix implementation in Camel and put all the ground work in place, but with time it lost momentum. Then seeing the same request again and again from different customers, I took the relay and continued the work and pushed to Camel a Hystrix component. Seeing the feedback from the community, it still didn't feel as elegant as it could be. Then Claus stepped in and made Hystrix part of the Camel DSL by turning it into an EIP (rather than component). So how does it look like to create a Hystrix based Circuit Breaker in Camel now?
In the example above, you can see only very few of the available options for a Circuit Breaker, to see all of them checkout the offical documents and try out the example application Claus put in place.
Based on this example you may think that Hystrix is part of Camel core, but it is not. Camel core is still this light and without dependencies to third party libraries. If you want to use the Hystrix based Circuit Breaker, you need to add camel-hystrix dependency to your dependencies as it is with any other non-core component and make it available at runtime.
Fail Fast, Fallback, Bulkhead, Timeout and more
The Hystrix library implements more than Circuit Breaker patter. It also does bulkheading, request caching, timeouts, request collapsing, etc. The implementation in Camel does not support request collapsing and caching as these are done using other patterns and components available in Camel already. Request collapsing in Camel can be done using Aggregator EIP and caching can be done using cache components such as Redis, Inifinspan, Hazelcast, etc. The Hystrix DSL in Camel offers around 30 configuration options supported by Hystrix, also exposes metrics over JMX and/or REST for the Hystrix Dashboard.
As a final note, don't forget that to create a true resilient application, you need more than Hystrix. Hystrix will do bulkheading at thread pool level, but that is not enough if you don't apply the same principle at process, host and physical machine level. To create a create a resilient distributed system, you will need to use also Retry, Throttling, Timeout... and other good practices some of which I have described in Camel Design Patterns book.
To get some hands on feeling of the new pattern, check the example and then start defending your Camel based Microservices with Hystrix.
Last updated: March 15, 2023